控轧控冷中碳非调质钢的高周疲劳性能

 采用中碳非调质钢制造的轴类等零件常承受交变载荷，因而对钢材疲劳性能具有高的要求。为了评估控轧控冷工艺生产的非调质钢棒材的疲劳性能，利用旋转弯曲疲劳试验机研究了一种常用的钒微合金化中碳非调质钢38MnVS及对比钢38MnS的高周疲劳性能。结果表明，与38MnS钢相比，38MnVS钢中铁素体体积分数增加，组织明显细化；相分析表明约有54%的钒处于M（C，N）相中，且尺寸小于10 nm的M（C，N）粒子质量分数为32%，这些细小粒子的析出强化增量约为116 MPa。38MnVS钢的疲劳极限较38MnS钢提高了62 MPa，提高幅度约为18%；疲劳极限比从38MnS钢的0.43提高到38MnVS钢的0.48。M（C，N）相的析出强化及组织细化是38MnVS钢较38MnS钢具有优异疲劳性能的主要原因，但其疲劳性能仍低于锻态非调质钢。根据试验结果及文献数据，给出了预测铁素体＋珠光体型非调质钢疲劳极限的简便方法。     

Q700D热影响粗晶区疲劳寿命与小裂纹扩展分析

摘要：为提高焊接构件的动载疲劳寿命，以热模拟为试验手段，对Q700D高强钢进行了焊接热模拟，研究了粗晶热影响区的疲劳寿命、小裂纹扩展行为以及组织软化特征。利用Paris方程和轴向拉伸疲劳试验数据，建立了ΔKth值与模拟粗晶区疲劳寿命的对应关系，利用ΔKth值实现了快速预估粗晶区疲劳寿命。研究表明：相同应力幅值下的lgN值与ΔKth值存在一定的线性拟合关系，即ΔKth值越大，则疲劳寿命N越长。小裂纹扩展微观机理在于所形成的大角度晶界（不小于15°）对小裂纹尖端的止裂性较强，可迫使小裂纹尖端转向耗能。CGHAZ的软化与第二相粒子回熔与粗化有关，粗化的第二相粒子易萌生小裂纹，可通过提高大角度晶界抑制裂纹扩展。     

碳纤维复合材料修复带缺陷储气井的应力分析及试验研究

针对天然气储气井井管外壁腐蚀现状,采用有限元计算方法,分析不同外壁腐蚀类型、不同腐蚀缺陷尺寸下储气井井管的应力分布、承载极限及疲劳性能;加工带缺陷储气井井管试件,选择碳纤维复合材料湿缠绕法补强修复;对修复后的井管试件进行有限元应力分析,并进行爆破试验和疲劳试验,以充分验证补强方法的有效性;储气井井管的理论分析和性能试验证明,碳纤维复合材料湿缠绕法补强可以有效地修复带外壁缺陷的储气井井管,有效、快捷地解决在役天然气储气井井管外壁腐蚀问题。     

煤层顶板裂隙高位定向长钻孔安全高效抽采技术的研究与应用

放顶煤开采期间，上覆岩层受到矿压的影响，形成冒落带、裂隙带、弯曲下沉带，工作面采空区遗煤和围岩涌出的大量瓦斯飘浮在上方裂隙带区域，造成瓦斯聚集并向外涌出，形成了安全隐患，因此必须将该区域瓦斯抽出来；以往治理采空区瓦斯主要采用顶板裂隙高位钻场、顶板高抽巷等措施，但是这2种方法施工成本较高，且施工周期长，对生产接替影响较大。煤层顶板裂隙高位定向长钻孔安全高效抽采采用大功率钻机+定向钻进技术，在裂隙带施工控制整个回采范围的长钻孔，减少采空区和邻近层瓦斯向工作面空间的流动，真正实现了“以孔代巷”，既节省了成本，又缩短了工期，还提高了采空区瓦斯抽采的连续性、稳定性，减少了采空区瓦斯向外涌出，提升了瓦斯抽采效果，促进了煤矿安全高效发展。     

316L不锈钢non-Masing特性分析和疲劳寿命预测

对316L不锈钢在不同应变范围下分别进行了293 K和873 K试验温度下的低周疲劳试验，讨论了材料循环特性的幅值相关性和温度相关性，比较了不同条件下non-Masing特性，并利用能量方法进行了低周疲劳寿命预测。实验结果表明, 在不同条件下，循环初期会出现不同程度的循环硬化现象，随后会出现循环软化、饱和直至材料失效；与873 K 试验条件相比，材料在293 K温度下的non-Masing特性更为显著；在大应变范围下，两温度下材料的non-Masing特性更加明显。采用能量方法进行疲劳寿命预测时，预测结果均位于两倍分散带内，且基于non-Masing特性得到了比基于Masing特性更为精确的预测结果。在873 K温度和大应变范围下，显著的动态应变时效效应导致考虑non-Masing与Masing特性的预测结果相差不大。     

Modified three-phase-lag Green–Naghdi models for thermomechanical waves in an axisymmetric annular disk

Abstract

A novel modification for Green and Naghdi thermoelasticity model of type III is proposed in this article. This model is joined to other ones to treat a thermoelastic wave propagation problem in an annular disk. The closed-form solution of thermoelastic analysis of the annular disks has been presented to deduce temperature, radial displacement, dilatation and stresses. Results are illustrated and reported to compare the simple Green–Naghdi II and III and their modified single-, dual- and three-phase-lag models. Concluding remarks are added.     

Effect of load reduction mechanisms on loads and blade bearing movements of wind turbines

The power control of wind turbines is usually realized via a change in the pitch angle of the rotor blades. Pitching facilitates the exact control of the turbines and the reliable deceleration of the rotor when required. Pitch movements can moreover be used for load control. One of these methods is called individual pitch control (IPC). IPC controls the blades individually and brings about a significant reduction in the fatigue loads and extreme loads placed on the structural components, while at the same time reducing the yield of the turbine only slightly. The lower loads reduce material costs, and thus, the cost of energy (CoE) is reduced, despite the slight reduction in yield. The method is nevertheless not used everywhere since the additional movement cycles put the rotor blade bearings in particular under stress. Special attention must be paid to small amplitude oscillating movements, which carry a high risk of inducing surface damage in the rolling contacts of the blade bearings. This paper uses a cycle analysis of the IWT7.5‐164 reference turbine to illustrate the differences in the movement patterns of wind turbine blade bearings with and without IPC. Moreover, model calculations with single contacts are used to show which of the movement patterns carries a risk of inducing surface damage. The use of IPC leads to the expected load reduction at the blade root. In current literature, IPC is usually assumed to have a negative influence on the life expectancy of blade bearings, but the findings of this study contradict this. The summed blade bearing movement is increased, although the number of very small pitch angles occurring is reduced. This reduction reduces the risk of wear in the blade bearings.     

高速列车转向架构架损伤、等效应力及寿命分布特性研究

为分析高速列车转向架构架损伤、等效应力及寿命分布特性，对构架疲劳关键测点进行动应力线路实测并对测点实测时域数据波形进行解析；基于实测应力时间历程及雨流计数法编制二维应力谱，利用Goodman等寿命方程将二维应力谱等效转换为一维应力谱；阐述线性累积损伤及非线性累积损伤模型的建立方法并对实测数据的线性累积损伤及非线性累积损伤进行了计算及对比分析；分别基于线性累积损伤理论及非线性累积损伤理论推导出各理论下的等效应力，基于实测数据对两种等效应力进行了计算及对比分析；通过结合非线性累积损伤及线性累积损伤理论计算的等效应力及不同可靠度下的材料S-N曲线计算并对比分析构架结构的疲劳寿命。研究结果表明，与非线性疲劳分析理论相比，线性疲劳分析理论对高速列车转向架构架的疲劳特性评估偏于保守。     

Fatigue damage study of cold metal transition fusion-brazed aluminium/steel dissimilar joints

ABSTRACT

An aluminium/steel CMT-welded joint is mainly composed of fusion zone (FZ), interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC) zone, and heat-affected zone (HAZ). IMC and FZ are the weakest link in the welded joint. The fatigue fracture indicates that the lattice distortion caused by the lattice mismatch of Fe₂Al₅ and Fe is more likely to engender dislocation slipping and cracks easily nucleate during the fatigue testing. The hysteresis loop is shifted to the right, which indicating that the specimen experiences a ratcheting effect. In the high-stress condition, the cyclic hardening induced by the ratcheting strain is much stronger than that in the lower stress condition, which improves the fatigue life of the materials.